Some characteristics of beings born in the Pure Land - commentary on section 5 (part 1) of the Smaller Amida Sutra

                                             

          This is a fragment from my 

Commentary on the Smaller Amida Sutra (Amidakyo) 

- work in progress and under constant revision - 

“Again, Śāriputra, all sentient beings born in the Land of Utmost Bliss dwell in the stage of non-retrogression. Many of them are in the stage of becoming a Buddha after one more life. Their number is so great that it is beyond reckoning; it can only be described as innumerable, unlimited, and incalculable.”[1]
 
The sentence “all sentient beings born in the Land of Utmost Bliss dwell in the stage of non-retrogression” has two meanings,
 
1.     all sentient beings born in the border land of the Pure Land will never retrogress again in samsara and when they abandon the illusion of self-power will certainly advance to  the center (the fulfilled land) of the Pure Land where they will attain Buddhahood
2.     those who are born in the center of the Pure Land are already in the stage of non-retrogression which they’ve actually attained when they first entrusted themselves totally and exclusively to Amida Buddha in their previous life. So, when they reach the Pure Land they immediately become Buddhas.
 
The 1^st meaning needs no further explanation, so I will explain again the 2^nd meaning.
The stage of non-retrogression has many names, like for example, “the definitely assured state” as in the 11^th Vow of Amida Buddha, “the stage of the truly settled”, “the truly settled of the Mahayana”, “the stage equal to perfect Enlightenment”, “assured of Nirvana”, “assured of birth in the Pure Land”, etc.

Commentary on the Smaller Sutra on the Buddha of Infinite Life (Smaller Amida Sutra)

 - work in progress and under constant revision - 

   

The reason for the western location of the Pure Land – commentary on section 2

Everything in the Pure Land is the manifestation of Amida - commentary on section 3

The identity of Amida Buddha and those born in His Pure Land – commentary on section 4

Some characteristics of beings born in the Pure Land - commentary on section 5 (part1)

to be continued

Click here to download my Commentary on the Larger Sutra and here to download my Commentary on the Contemplation Sutra

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All my books are available for free download at this link (click here), so any little help is welcomed and very much needed. My freely available Dharma work depends on donations from readers like you.
Yours in Namo Amida Bu

The reason for the western location of the Pure Land – commentary on section 2 of the Smaller Amida Sutra

This is a fragment from my 

Commentary on the Smaller Amida Sutra (Amidakyo) 

- work in progress and under constant revision - 

“The Buddha then said to Elder Shariputra: “If you travel westward from here, passing a hundred thousand koṭis of Buddha lands, you will come to the land called Utmost Bliss, where there is a Buddha named Amitayus (Amida). He is living there now, teaching the Dharma.”[1]
 
In order to show that Amida’s Pure Land is not a metaphor, but a real enlightened place in which people can actually aspire to be born after death, the land is given a direction and is described in great details in the three sutras.
 
Some say that the direction “west” and the marvellous descriptions of the Pure Land are proofs it is only a symbol or metaphor. But the truth is that by making the effort to describe in many words the wonders of the Pure Land and by pointing to a direction – “if you travel westward from here, passing a hundred thousand koṭis of Buddha lands, you will come to the land called Utmost Bliss” or where to face the Pure Land when worshipping Amida, like in the Larger Sutra[2], Shakyamuni Buddha wanted to emphasize its actual existence as a real enlightened place where sentient beings should aspire to be born without worry and doubt. It is as though I speak to you about a beautiful park that I would like you to visit. If I tell you, “it’s there, in the west of the town” and I start describing it to you, then you will have no doubt about its existence and you will wish to see it. It’s the same with the expression “Pure Land of the West” that appears in many texts.

to be continued

---

[1] The Three Pure Land Sutras - A Study and Translation from Chinese by Hisao Inagaki in collaboration with Harold Stewart, Bukkyo Dendo Kyokai and Numata Centre for Buddhist Translation and Research, Kyoto, 2003, p.91
[2] Read chapter, “The testimony of Ananda and the audience gathered on Vulture Peak to the existence of Amida Buddha and His Pure Land – commentary on sections 41 and 42” from my Commentary on the Sutra on the Buddha of Infinite Life. In those sections Ananda is asked by Shakyamuni to rearrange his robes, put his palms together and worship Amida. Then, “Ananda stood up, rearranged his robes, assumed the correct posture, faced westward, and, demonstrating his sincere reverence, joined his palms together, prostrated himself on the ground, and worshiped Amitayus.”
The Three Pure Land Sutras - A Study and Translation from Chinese by Hisao Inagaki in collaboration with Harold Stewart, Bukkyo Dendo Kyokai and Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, Kyoto, 2003, p.65
 

Everything in the Pure Land is the manifestation of Amida Buddha - commentary on section 3 of the Smaller Amida Sutra

This is a fragment from my 

Commentary on the Smaller Amida Sutra (Amidakyo) 

- work in progress and under constant revision - 

The key for understanding section 3 is the passage where Shakyamuni explains to Sariputra the origin of the birds in the Pure Land,
 
“Again, Śāriputra, in that land there are always many kinds of rare and beautiful birds of various colors, such as white geese, peacocks, parrots, śāris, kalaviṅkas, and jīvaṃjīvakas. Six times during the day and night birds sing with melodious and delicate sounds, which proclaim such teachings as the five roots of good, the five powers, the seven practices leading to Enlightenment, and the Noble Eightfold Path. On hearing them, all the people of that land become mindful of the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha. Śāriputra, you should not assume that these birds are born as retribution for evil karma. The reason is that none of the three evil realms exists in that Buddha land. Śāriputra, even the names of the three evil realms do not exist there; how much less the realms themselves! These birds are manifested by Amitāyus (Amida) so that their singing can proclaim and spread the Dharma.”[1]

The identity of Amida Buddha and those born in His Pure Land – commentary on section 4 of the Smaller Amida Sutra

 

This is a fragment from my 

Commentary on the Smaller Amida Sutra (Amidakyo) 

- work in progress and under constant revision - 

       Shakyamuni Buddha said,
 
“For what reason, Śāriputra, do you think that Buddha is called Amitābha? Śāriputra, the Buddha’s light shines boundlessly and without hindrance over all the worlds of the ten directions. It is for this reason that He is called Amitābha. Again, Śāriputra, the lives of the Buddha and the people of His land last for innumerable, unlimited, and incalculable kalpas. It is for this reason that the Buddha is called Amitāyus.
 
Śāriputra, ten kalpas have passed since Amitāyus attained Enlightenment. Moreover, Śāriputra, He has an immeasurable and unlimited number of śrāvaka disciples, all of them arhats, whose number cannot be reckoned by any means. His assembly of Bodhisattvas
is similarly vast. Śāriputra, that Buddha land is filled with such splendid adornments.”[1]
 
As Shakyamuni confirms, Amida (Amitayus) is now a Buddha because “ten kalpas have passed” since He attained Enlightenment (Buddhahood). This is why in the Larger Sutra or the Smaller Sutra and Contemplation Sutra, He no longer calls Him Bodhisattva Dharmakara which was His name when He was in the causal stage, but “Amitayus”, which means Infinite Life, or “Amitabha” - “Infinite Light”. These two aspects, “Infinite Life” (Amitayus) and “Infinite Light” (Amitabha) are merged into the word “Amida”[2], which means the Buddha of Infinite Life and Infinite Light. His Infinite Life is the effect of the 13^th Vow He made when He was Dharmakara Bodhisattva, while the Infinite Light is the effect of His 12^th Vow[3]. So, we cannot separate Amitayus (Infinite/unlimited Life) from Amitabha (Infinite/Boundless Light) because these are the two aspects of the same Buddha as Shakyamuni explained in section 4 of this sutra.

The Stupa of All Buddhas at Amidaji temple

 

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in limba romana

General matters

After much thought, prayer, discussion and contemplation of various options, I finally decided that the Stupa of All Buddhas to be built at Amidaji will be inspired by the Dhamek Stupa (👈left image) which is located in the Deer Park at Sarnath in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.[1] The reasons are many, among which I mention the following, 

-       its style is better suited for a non-sectarian stupa: it is clearly not Tibetan, not Japanese, not Chinese, etc, but a simple Indian stupa style to which any Buddhist can relate to  - nobody can say, “this stupa belongs to a Tibetan, Chinese, Japanese school, etc”, but simply see it as a stupa.

-       its form is simple and easier to build locally, without the sophisticated architecture of a Tibetan chorten[2] or Japanese/Chinese pagoda

-       as Dhamek stupa commemorates the first teaching of the Buddha it is very suitable as an inspiration for the Stupa of All Buddhas which represents the Teaching of all Buddhas 

A HEART ADVICE to my friends

Stay away from anybody, either Buddhists or nonBuddhists, who try to give you the "gift" of fear, that is, who tell you that you are under some kind of evil influence because you think differently than them, for whom difference of vision on a certain project or topic means bad spirit influence. Who even want to exorcize or pacify spirits instead of pacifying themselves and accepting the differences between them and others.

Chose your partners and collaborators carefully and stay away from cult/sectarian mentality and fear. In this dark age of mappo have faith in Amida and/or any Buddha of your choice, engage in direct spiritual relation with them by saying their Names or mantras and praying to them for guidance, instead of worshipping flawed human beings.

Have the courage to work for your vision if it is supported by a honest intention even if the whole world is against you, calling you stubborn and under "evil influences".

It's ok to suffer when you are misunderstood by your close ones, but it's not ok to stop, so keep fighting the fight you believe is right.

Namo Amida Bu

COMMENTARY ON THE SUTRA ON THE VISUALISATION OF THE BUDDHA OF INFINITE LIFE (CONTEMPLATION SUTRA)

It is a few years since I completed my extensive commentary on the Larger Sutra, I have now completed my commentary on the Contemplation Sutra. Although it’s much shorter than the previous one, it took me a long time to finish it because I struggled to find the easiest way to explain it in the context of Shinran’s view of the Pure Land teaching.

I could, if I wanted to, insist on many details and offer a more scholarly approach to it. However, as my readers already know, I only care about the religious understanding that can be useful for guiding people to faith in Amida, and I write to clear any possible misunderstandings and obstacles that those sincerely interested in being born in the Pure Land might encounter when reading this sutra. As I am not a Buddha or a wise Master, my commentary is limited, but with all its limitations it contains everything that an ordinary person needs to know to put an end to the cycle of birth and death forever by aspiring to be born in the center (fulfilled land) of the Pure Land. 

 

For this book I used the English translation of the Contemplation Sutra from Chinese[1] by Rev Hisao Inagaki in collaboration with Harold Stewart and published under the title The Three Pure Land Sutras by Numata Centre for Buddhist Translation and Research, Kyoto, 2003.

The Bodhi Mind of the Pure Land Path (short question and answer)

Question from a reader: Shinran said that shinjin (faith) is Bodhi Mind. Does this mean that if I do not have Compassion for all beings in this life I will not go to the Pure Land?
 
My answer: The fact that shinjin (faith in Amida Buddha) equals Bodhi Mind does NOT mean that you are able to have the kind of Compassion ancient Mahayana saints had for every being in your present life! It only means that through faith in Amida you will be able to save all beings, because faith is the cause of birth in the Pure Land and of subsequent attainment of Buddhahood for you and all beings. So, the aspiration inherent in the Bodhi Mind is contained in shinjin in the sense that through faith you can fulfill the Bodhi Mind (after birth in the Pure Land). The aspirations of the Bodhi Mind (to become a Buddha for you and all beings) are fulfilled through faith, which is why faith is the Bodhi Mind. 

This is the proper way to understand this matter in accordance with our Jodo Shinshu school. So, don't worry. There is no problem that here and now you remain an ordinary person filled with ignorance and blind passions. It is especially for beings like you that Amida made His Primal Vow and created His Pure Land that is so easy to access.

PS: The only way you can practice compassion while you are still in this present samsaric body is to be an example of faith and help others entrust to Amida Buddha. I explained this when I presented the ten benefits in this life of a person of faith (click here to read the 9th benefit).

Don't be hungry for feelings in relation with faith

People, in general, are hungry for special feelings and sensations, thinking that if they don’t feel something special then maybe they have no true spiritual realisations. But in matters related with shinjin (faith in Amida) and the salvation offered by Amida Buddha, no special state of mind is necessary in your daily life.

When faith is awakened in one's mind/heart the follower is taken a great burden of his shoulders in the sense that he no longer needs to rely on himself to become a Buddha - a trully free One. The burden of his liberation is carried by the Buddha called Amida, who already crossed the Path for him.

You can be happy or feel relief when you first entrust to Amida Buddha, if attaining Buddhahood or final liberation from birth and death is the most important matter for you, but this doesn’t mean that hour by hour, minute to minute, second to second, you will think to Amida or feel a continuous joy as to jump in the air. Our lives are in such a way that we can always be overwhelmed by daily problems and worries. But its ok, its simply ok to be like this. We are not compelled to always jump with joy because we are saved by Amida. Despite of this, the salvation offered by Amida Buddha is always present, as our simple faith in Him remains with us since we first received it in our hearts.

My 3rd Nembutsu pilgrimage to the Buddhist stupa in Tranisu as the starting point for the project of the Stupa of All Buddhas at Amidaji temple

Homage to Amida and all Buddhas!

Click here to read about my 1st pilgrimage to the stupa of Tranisu

Click here to read about my 2nd Pilgrimage

I dedicated this 3rd pilgrimage to all beings, including our protectors and the deities who rule over this land, to the Buddhists of this country and those who helped build and consecrate the stupa in Tranișu, to the members of FPMT, Amidaji, and to my benefactors.

May their vital energy increase, may they always be healthy in body and mind, may they receive in abundance everything they need, including water, food, clothing and shelter, may all obstacles disappear from them, may they never be reborn in the lower realms of existence, may they create indestructible connections with Amida and all Buddhas and attain supreme Enlightenment as soon as possible. 

Also, may our project with the Stupa of All Buddhas be realized without any obstacles at Amidaji temple. May all authentic lineages of transmission spread in Romania so that everyone can practice according to their specific karmic affinities and characteristics. May all Buddhists in this country always collaborate with each other in a non-sectarian spirit and for the benefit of all beings. May the wrong views that contradict the Buddha's teachings never enter these places or, if they have already entered, may they disappear permanently and have no power over the beings here. May this country become a mandala of all Buddhas and a place where human and nonhuman beings can evolve easily, without any obstacles! 

With the above aspirations in mind (as well as other personal aspirations and dedications) I recently started and finished my 3^rd pilgrimage to the Buddhist stupa of Tranisu.

Master Shinran’s view of the characters in the Contemplation Sutra

 

Fragment from my Commentary on the Contemplation Sutra. It is a work in progress and under constant revision. Click here to read the other chapters.

As we have seen in the last chapter, Master Rennyo considered that “Shakyamuni used the five grave offenses in which Vaidehi, Devadatta, and Ajatasatru were involved, as compassionate means to cause women and those who have committed the five grave offenses in the last Dharma age to aspire to birth in the Land of Serene Sustenance (the Pure Land of Amida); He assured us that even such people would unfailingly attain birth in the Land of Serene Sustenance if they took refuge in the inconceivable Primal Vow. This you should know.”[1]
 
Master Shinran already went even further than Rennyo in this matter and considered that all the events presented in the Contemplation Sutra were a play by enlightened actors to create the proper conditions for the teaching on Amida Buddha in its implicit and explicit aspect to appear in our world. In chapter I of his Kyogyoshinsho, he said,
 
“I reflect within myself: The universal Vow difficult to fathom is indeed a great vessel bearing us across the ocean difficult to cross. The unhindered Light is the sun of wisdom dispersing the darkness of our ignorance. Thus it is that, when conditions for the teaching of birth in the Pure Land had matured, Devadatta provoked Ajatasatru to commit grave crimes. And when the opportunity arose for explaining the pure act by which Birth (in the Pure Land) is settled, Shakyamuni led Vaidehi to select the land of peace. In their selfless love, these incarnated ones - Devadatta, Ajatasatru, Vaidehi - all aspired to save the multitudes of beings from pain and affliction, and in His compassion, Shakyamuni, the great hero, sought indeed to bless those committing the five grave offenses, those slandering the Dharma, and those lacking the seed of Buddhahood. We know, therefore, that the auspicious Name embodying the perfectly fulfilled supreme virtues is true wisdom that transforms our evil into virtue, and that the diamond-like shinjin so difficult to accept is true reality that sweeps away doubt and brings us to attainment of Enlightenment”.[2]

The Contemplation Sutra was taught in the same time with the Lotus Sutra (in reference to sections 1 and section 33)

 

Fragment from my Commentary on the Contemplation Sutra. It is a work in progress and under constant revision. Click here to read the other chapters.

“Then the World-honored One returned to Vulture Peak through the air. There Ananda fully explained to the assembly what had happened. Innumerable humans, devas, nagas, yakṣas, and all other beings greatly rejoiced to hear the Buddha’s teaching. Having worshiped the World-honored One, they departed.”[1]
 
The last section reminds us of the beginning of the Contemplation Sutra where we are told that Shakyamuni was already teaching another sutra on Vulture Peak when Vaidehi asked for His help:
 
“Thus have I heard. At one time the Buddha was staying on Vulture Peak in Rajagṛha with a great assembly of twelve hundred and fifty monks. He was also accompanied by thirty-two thousand Bodhisattvas led by Manjusri, the Dharma Prince.”[2]
 
After these first lines, we are told about the events related with Ajatasatru, king Bimbisara and Queen Vaidehi who, while she was confined in the palace by her son, turned her attention to the direction of Vulture Peak:

The transmission of the teaching of the Contemplation Sutra (section 32)

Fragment from my Commentary on the Contemplation Sutra. This is a work in progress and under constant revision. Click here to read the other chapters.

“Then Ananda rose from his seat, stepped forward, and said to the Buddha, ‘World-honoured One, what should we call this sutra and how should we receive and retain the essentials of its teaching?’

The Buddha answered, ‘Ananda, this sutra is called the ‘Visualization of the Land of Utmost Bliss of Buddha Amitayus and of Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara and Bodhisattva Mahasthamaprapta.’ It is also called the ‘Purification and Elimination of Karmic Hindrances for Attaining Birth in the Presence of All Buddhas.’ Hold fast to this sutra and do not forget it. Those who practice this samadhi will be able to see, during their lifetime, Buddha Amitayus and the two Mahasattvas. If good men or women simply hear the Name of this Buddha or the names of those two Bodhisattvas, the evil karma that would bind them to birth and death for innumerable kalpas will be extinguished.

And so, how much more merit will they acquire if they concentrate on them! You should know that all who are mindful of that Buddha are like white lotus flowers among humankind; Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara and Bodhisattva Mahasthamaprapta become their good friends. They will sit in the seat of Enlightenment and be born into the family of the Buddhas.’ 

The Buddha further said to Ananda, ‘Bear these words well in mind. To bear these words in mind means to hold fast to the Name of Buddha Amitayus (Amida).”

When the Buddha had spoken thus, Venerable Mahamaudgalyayana, Venerable Ananda, Vaidehi, and all the others greatly rejoiced to hear the Buddha’s discourse.”[1] 

Benefits gained by the audience of the Contemplation Sutra (section 31)

Fragment from my Commentary on the Contemplation Sutra. It is a work in progress and under constant revision. Click here to read the other chapters.

“As the Buddha delivered these words, Vaidehi and her five hundred female attendants listened to His teaching. Having envisioned the boundless features of the Land of Utmost Bliss, of Buddha Amitayus (Amida), and of the two Bodhisattvas, Vaidehi rejoiced in her heart. Wonder-struck at this revelation, she attained great awakening with clarity of mind and insight into the non-arising of all dharmas (phenomena). Her five hundred female attendants awakened aspiration for highest, perfect Enlightenment and desired to be born in that land.
The World-honored One gave them all assurances that they would be born there and that they would then gain the samadhi of being in the presence of all the Buddhas. Innumerable devas (gods) also awakened aspiration for highest Enlightenment”.[1]
 
As I mentioned previously, Vaidehi entrusted herself to Amida and was helped by His and Shakyamuni’s Power to attain various spiritual realisations. This time it’s mentioned that “she attained great awakening with clarity of mind and insight into the non-arising of all dharmas (phenomena)”. Also, her five hundred female attendants received faith(shinjin) which is itself the Bodhi Mind - aspiration to attain Enlightenment for oneself and all beings. Thus, they entered the stage of definite assurance, also called the stage of non-retrogression for birth in the centre of the Pure Land – this is the meaning of “the World-honored One gave them all assurances that they would be born there and that they would then gain the samadhi of being in the presence of all the Buddhas”. In this case, to be in the presence of all Buddhas means to become one of the Buddhas. Innumerable devas who listened to this sutra were either able to entrust to Amida and entered the same stage of non-retrogression for birth in the centre of the Pure Land or they started to create the karmic connections for birth into one of the various levels and grades of the border land.

to be continued 

(source of the image in the upper left https://erichuntington.org/?da_image=taima-mandala-denver) 

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[1] The Three Pure Land Sutras - A Study and Translation from Chinese by Hisao Inagaki in collaboration with Harold Stewart, Bukkyo Dendo Kyokai and Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, Kyoto, 2003, p.99

On the nine grades of birth in the border land of the Pure Land (sections 22 – 30)

            

Fragment from my Commentary on the Contemplation Sutra. It is a work in progress and under constant revision. Click here to read the other chapters.

(last revised October 5th, 2025)

 As I previously explained based on Shinran Shonin’s reading of the Contemplation Sutra, those who reach the Pure Land through the 19^th Vow of Amida Buddha[1], that is, through the practices mentioned in this sutra, are born in the borderland of the Pure Land. This is because they still cling to their self-power and the idea of personal merits and personal transference of merits, while the followers of the Primal Vow (18^th Vow ) are born in the center of the Pure Land (Fulfilled Pure Land) due to their complete faith in the Power of Amida Buddha which makes them understand that all the merits necessary for birth in the Pure Land belong only to Amida.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF MY LIFE by HOSHIN Fernando Rodríguez, member of Amidaji Sangha

Click here to return to the spiritual 

biographies of Amidaji members

Warm greetings to Josho Sensei, Daigan Sensei, and friends and members of Amidaji International Temple. My name is Fernando Rodriguez - Shaku HOSHIN (which means Treasure of Faith). I am a member of Amidaji thanks to the generosity of Josho Sensei and the ongoing support of Sensei Daigan and, at the time, Sebastian (Sensei Kosho).
I am 73 years old and live in Montevideo, Uruguay. I am a retired agricultural engineer, married with five children and five grandchildren.
 
The reason for writing this, at the request of Sensei Josho, which was conveyed to me by Sensei Daigan, is to give a brief summary of my life and, in particular, my spiritual quest.
 
My spiritual concerns began back in my distant twenties. My family has Christian roots, which is quite logical given my Western origin. However, even in that distant youth, many things about Christianity did not convince me, such as the idea that a person's final destiny was decided in the tiny space of time that is a human life.

On the true meaning of emptiness and the reality of the Name of Amida Buddha (video teaching)

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Simple Teachings on Emptiness and Buddha Nature 
Buddha nature is not empty of itself but only empty of samsaric phenomena 
The wrong view of nihilistic emptiness 
The enlightened qualities of Buddha nature 
The Nembutsu is true and real 
What did Shinran mean by "shinjin (faith) is Buddha nature"? 
Entering the Jodo Shinshu path 

Namo Amida Bu

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Thoughts on my 2nd Nembutsu pilgrimage to the Buddhist stupa in Tranisu village (many photos included!)

Click here to read about

 my 1st Nembutsu pilgrimage

Nembutsu pilgrimage to the Buddhist stupa in Tranisu (photos, impressions 

and doctrinal explanations)

It all started with a powerful thought that suddenly occurred into my mind – make a new pilgrimage NOW!

 After my first Nembutsu pilgrimage I already decided to make another one, but I did not plan anything for this summer, so I was taken by surprise by this intense urge to go NOW, that is, as soon as possible. I was travelling by train from Amidaji to Bucharest, watching a movie and relaxing with a cheap coffee when this powerful thought like a command appeared in my mind. In the next half an hour I was already organizing things and in two days I was on the road.

Such a trip on foot is not comfortable, but going to a stupa or Buddha statue should not be the same as visiting a mall-center, so if one is healthy, one should express one’s devotion and gratitude by walking at least a few hours on foot to a sacred place. I also think that as Buddhists living in a non-Buddhist country, and especially if we are ordained, we must get out of our comfort zone and be seen by the people, talk with people, help them create connections with us and the Buddha Dharma, inspiring them by our example, and thus helping them to know about the existence of the temples, stupas and statues that can be found in our countries. These are some of the reasons I started to make such pilgrimages.

The difference between the three kinds of faith in the Contemplation Sutra and the three kinds of faith of the Primal Vow and the Larger Sutra

Fragment from my Commentary on the Contemplation Sutra. It is a work in progress and under constant revision. Click here to read the other chapters.

Shakyamuni Buddha said, in the Contemplation Sutra,

 
“Those who attain birth on the highest level of the highest grade are sentient beings who resolve to be born in that land, awaken the three kinds of faith, and so are born there. What are the three kinds of faith? They are, first, sincere faith; second, deep faith; and third, the faith that seeks birth there by transferring one’s merit. Those who have these three kinds of faith will certainly be born there.”[1]
 
In relation to the above three minds of faith in the Contemplation Sutra, Shinran Shonin explained,
 
“The three minds that beings awaken are all minds of self-benefit that are individually different and not the mind (of faith) that is single, which arises from Amida’s benefiting of others. They are roots of good with which to aspire for the Pure Land that Sakyamuni Tathagata taught as a distinct provisional means.”[2]
 
Here “the three minds” are “the three kinds of faith”. These are not aspects of true faith/shinjin (“mind that is single”) that is given by Amida Buddha (“arises from Amida’s benefiting of others”), and which means a complete and total reliance on Amida Buddha in matters of birth in the Pure Land, but aspects of a self-created faith.  As the personalities of the practitioners of the highest level of the highest grade (as well as all grades and levels listed in the Contemplation Sutra) differ from each other, they have “individually different” faiths/minds with which they go to the border land of the Pure Land.
As this is a book that is meant to be simple, I will try my best to offer easy to understand explanations of these three faiths or three minds.
 
The sincere faith of the Contemplation Sutra means a sincere wish to go to the Pure Land of Amida Buddha and sincerely relying partially on Him and partially on their own spiritual capacities. For these kind of practitioners, Amida’s Power is only an assisting power and not the only Power that leads to birth in the Pure Land. They have a mixed faith and a faith that is deep in the sense that they really want to go to the Pure Land. Their deep faith is a deep understanding of the suffering of samsara and a strong wish to go to the Pure Land, asking for the assistance of Amida Buddha and being deeply convinced that their so-called merits and contribution is very important to reach that goal. Thus, they have a “faith that seeks birth there by transferring one’s merit”.
 
Contrary to the three aspects of the self-power faith of the Contemplation Sutra, the three aspects of the genuine faith of the Primal Vow that is presented in the Larger Sutra, are a sincere faith in the Power of Amida as the only Power that makes birth in the Pure Land possible. This mind of faith is a “mind that is single” in the sense that has totally surrendered to Amida’s Power and is uniquely oriented towards Amida, thus saying only His Name in faith, without combining other practices. The deep mind aspect of a genuine faith in Amida Buddha is the twofold profound conviction which is 1) to know that we are people of deep karmic limitations, incapable of attaining Buddhahood through our own power and 2) that only Amida Buddha can save us through His Vow Power without asking anything from us.
The aspect of merit transference in a genuine faith (shinjin) is that we rely NOT on the transference of our pitiful merits towards birth in the Pure Land, but on Amida’s transference of merits. A person of true faith abandons the idea of “deserving” to be born in the Pure Land which is the main feature of those destined to the border land and who are obsessed with levels and grades. Unlike them, a person of total faith in Amida Buddha knows that he cannot create anything in his samsaric and unenlightened mind that can bring him to the Pure Land of Enlightenment, and so he lets Amida bring Him there.

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[1] The Three Pure Land Sutras - A Study and Translation from Chinese by Hisao Inagaki in collaboration with Harold Stewart, Bukkyo Dendo Kyokai and Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, Kyoto, 2003, p.92
[2] Shinran Shonin, Kyogyoshinsho, cf with Kyogyoshinsho – On Teaching, Practice, Faith, and Enlightenment, translated by Hisao Inagaki, Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, Kyoto, 2003, p. 212