Both Honen Shonin and Shinran Shonin
were ordained Tendai monks. Although they left that school, they continued to
wear their monk robes, and while Honen remained celibate, Shinran got married
and had six children. Before him and after him, many monks had secret wives and
children, but Shinran went public about his marriage and continued to wear the
monk’s robes. Also, after he and his Master Honen were banished by the Emperor,
striped of their ordination status
and given secular names, they also kept their robes. At that time Shinran said
about himself that he was neither monk nor lay, but he continued to wear the
robes of a monk. Later, they were both pardoned, so their former status was restored.
Why
did Shinran marry? Because he wanted to show that the salvation offered by
Amida Buddha does not make any discrimination between those who keep the
precept of celibacy and those who are attached to their wives and children or
have various other blind passions.
Why
did he say that he was neither a monk nor lay? There are two reasons for this.
First, although the Emperor stripped him of his monkhood and was given a
secular name, he did not consider himself a lay person living a worldly life
without any religious aspirations. Second, although he was pardoned and his
status restored, he was still not able to live the life of a monk belonging to
the Right Dharma Age, while in the same time, he had more aspirations than an
ordinary lay person. Later, all his ordained disciples followed his example and
got married. Even now the clergy of Jodo Shinshu, both men and women, get marry
and have children like the rest of Japanese Buddhist monks of other schools.
So, it is important to realize that Shinran did
not deny his monk ordination by saying that he is “neither monk, nor lay”, but
only his spiritual capacities to be like the monks of the Right Dharma Age when
Shakyamuni and His direct disciples were in the world. By saying, “neither
monk, nor lay”, he actually meant, “neither a virtuous monk of the Right Dharma
Age, nor a lay”. Thus, there is no problem if we, his disciples of modern
times, call ourselves monks and nuns as long as we keep in mind that we are not
the virtuous monks of that long gone era, but the decadent monks of this Last Dharma
Age.