"Tathagata's Primal Vow surpasses conceptual
understanding; it is a design of the wisdom of Buddhas. It is not the
design of foolish beings. No one can fathom the wisdom of Buddhas, which surpasses
conceptual understanding."[1]
"Further, with
regard to Other Power, since it is
inconceivable Buddha-wisdom, the attainment of supreme Enlightenment by foolish
beings possessed of blind passions comes about through the working shared only
by Buddhas; it is not in any way the design of the practicer. Thus, no
working is true working. 'Working' that is negated refers to the calculation of
the person of self-power. Concerning Other Power, then, no working is true
working."[2]
One who entrusts himself to Amida Buddha realizes that it is
through Amida's Power that he is saved ("true working"), and not by
his own designs and calculations or through the so called "merits" he
thinks he has accumulated until now ("no working").
The fact that foolish beings are made to attain perfect
Enlightenment after birth in the Pure Land, although they are now possesed by
blind passions, is beyond conceptual understanding because, as Shinran said, it
is related with the "inconceivable Buddha-wisdom" and it comes about
"through the working shared only by Buddhas". This means that only Buddhas know the mechanism of Amida's
salvation and only they can understand it. All we can do is to accept in faith
that such foolish people like us, possed of blind passions, will attain perfect
Enlightenment once we enter the Pure Land of Amida.
We are like ignorant peasants who enter a plane for the
first time. We do not know how the plane flies, but we trust the pilot and the
engineers who built it, and we are certain that they will take us safely to the
destination.
The theme
of the inconceivability of Amida Buddha's salvation is often mentioned in the sacred
texts. Simply stated, unenlightened
minds cannot understand the Enlightened Minds and the work of a Buddha,
just like an ignorant peasant who never got our of his village and who does not
know how to read or write, cannot understand planes or the flying technology.
Shinran
Shonin even scolds Kyomyo-bo in a letter, that to try to understand with his
limited mind or "conceptual understanding", the mechanism of the Vow
and the Name of Amida, will only lead to confusion:
"Once you simply
realize that the Vow surpasses conceptual understanding and with singleness of
heart realize that the Name surpasses conceptual understanding and pronounce
it, why should you labor in your own calculation?
It seems to me that with all your attempts to understand by reasoning and by learning you have fallen into confusion. It is completely in error. Once you have simply come to realize that Vow and Name surpass conceptual understanding, you should not calculate in this way or that. There must be nothing of your calculation in the act that leads to Birth.
You must simply entrust yourself to Tathagata."[3]
It seems to me that with all your attempts to understand by reasoning and by learning you have fallen into confusion. It is completely in error. Once you have simply come to realize that Vow and Name surpass conceptual understanding, you should not calculate in this way or that. There must be nothing of your calculation in the act that leads to Birth.
You must simply entrust yourself to Tathagata."[3]
We can easily
read and understand the Primal Vow, which is the call of Amida Buddha to us,
because its so simple that even ignorant peasants can get its message:
"entrust yourself to me, say my Name and wish to be born in my land".
We can say the Name of Amida, expressing our faith in Him, because its so easy
to say it: "Namo Amida Butsu" or "Namo Amitabha",
"Namo Adidaphat" or "Namo Amituofo", etc. But we cannot understand the exact
supramundane details or mechanism through which Amida Buddha makes possible our
birth in the Pure
Land , just like the ignorant
peasant does not know anything about flying technology.
As Shinran said,
"pronounce" the Name even if its working "surpasses conceptual
understanding" and entrust to Amida Tathagata even if He too, is beyond
your capacity to understand: "You must simply entrust yourself to
Tathagata".
Another
reason why we cannot conceive Amida Buddha's salvation is because we are bound
by ideas of merit and punishment. We do not have enough love for ourselves, not
to mention other beings, so we might think that we must become worthy of such a
grandiose birth in the Pure
Land . However, to hear
that "foolish beings possessed of blind passions" can "attain
birth in the Pure Land" no matter they do not deserve it, and that they
will "realize Nirvana" there, although they did not "severed
their blind passions" during this life time, comes as a shock for our
ego-centered minds focused on rewards and punishment:
"Why is this
inconceivable? When foolish beings possessed of blind passions attain birth in
the Pure Land, they are not bound by the karmic fetters of the three realms.
That is, without severing blind passions, they realize Nirvana itself. How can
this be conceived?"[4]
Trully, how
can we conceive that somebody, namely Amida Buddha, can have such an unlimited
and non-discriminatory Compassion that He devised a plan and a karmic mechanism
to bring into His Pure Land such "foolish beings possessed of blind passions" like ourselves?
But what we cannot conceive, and we cannot do ourselves for us and others, a
Buddha can certainly do. So, we must simply let go to our calculating mind and entrust
ourselves to Amida Tathagata.
"The Pure Land
teaching is the inconceivable Dharma-teaching."[5], and
certainly, the most difficult thing in the world to accept in faith, but also
the shortest way to Nirvana for all beings, especially the lowest of the low:
"It is the Dharma
by which ordinary and foolish beings bound by evil passions, those in the lower
levels of society, such as hunters and traders, can instantly transcend birth
and death and attain Buddhahood. This is called 'the Dharma which is the most
difficult thing in the world to accept in faith.'”[6]
Namo Amida Butsu
related article,
[1] Shinran Shonin, Lamp for the Latter-Ages, letter 7, The
Collected Works of Shinran, Shin Buddhism Translation Series, Jodo Shinshu
Hongwanji-ha, Kyoto, 1997, p.533
[2] Shinran Shonin, A Collection of Letters, Letter 10, The
Collected Works of Shinran, Shin Buddhism Translation Series, Jodo Shinshu
Hongwanji-ha, Kyoto, 1997, p.571-572
[3] Shinran Shonin, Lamp for the Latter-Ages, letter 9, The
Collected Works of Shinran, Shin Buddhism Translation Series, Jodo Shinshu
Hongwanji-ha, Kyoto, 1997, p.536
[4] Shinran Shonin, A Collection of Passages on the Types of
Birth in the Three Pure Land Sutras in The
Collected Works of Shinran, Shin Buddhism Translation Series, Jodo
Shinshu Hongwanji-ha, Kyoto, 1997, p.643
[5] Shinran Shonin, Lamp for the
Latter Ages, letter 8. The Collected Works of Shinran, Shin Buddhism
Translation Series, Jodo Shinshu Hongwanji-ha, Kyoto, 1997, p.535
[6] Shinran Shonin quoted Master Yuan-chao in Kyogyoshinsho – On
Teaching, Practice, Faith, and Enlightenment, translated by Hisao Inagaki,
Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, Kyoto, 2003, p. 117
No comments:
Post a Comment
Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment.